Different Place, Different Race: Lumbees in Florida’s Panhandle
Different Place, Different Race: Lumbees in the Florida Panhandle
The Jones Family and the Florida and North Carolina Census
This is a handy example of hundreds of Indians from the Florida panhandle who often migrated back and forth between North Carolina and Florida. Many had family roots in Robeson County North Carolina but had been living in Floridas Lumbee settlemets at Scotts Town (Jackson County), Scotts Ferry (Calhoun County), Woods (Liberty County), and others for generations. In the Carolinas these Indians were identified as “Indian” but in Florida would be identified as “White”, or more often, as” Black”, “negro”, or “Mulatto” by census takers and local officials. Hundreds of court cases, military enlistment forms, and other documentary evidence point to this being common during the 1860-1960 Jim Crow era. Indian in the Carolinas had enough clout to be able to muster some small amount of political control over their identity, but the small amount of Indians in north Florida’s panhandle were often documented as catching the brunt of the local white power structures uninformed attitudes and actions towards native Americans, especially in the lower south such as Florida’s panhandle, south Alabama, and south Georgia, places many Lumbee and Sumter County Cheraw had migrated to work in the turpentine industries.
The comparison of these two identifications of the same people as 2 different races on 2 different documents illustrates this lack of self-determination the Florida Lumbee was saddled with.
1910 census…Walton County….Bruce Community….Florida
#57 Jones, Arther E 36 white male b.NC turpentiner
” ” , Dovie 30 white female b.NC
“ ” , Alton 5 white male b.FL
“ ” , Margaret 3 white female b.FL
“ ” , Grace 1 white female b.FL
1920 the whole family back in Robeson Co. NC censused as “Indian”
1930 census….Robeson County NC….Pembroke Dist 35
Jones, Arthur C 57 Indian full-blood b. NC
“ ” , Dovie 52 Indian full-blood b. NC
“ ” , Alton B 24 Indian full-blood b. FL
“ ” , Margaret 28 Indian full-blood b. FL
The Jones family was one of two dozen Lumbee families living and working in Florida on and off. Some of the other families with similar situations include the Ammons, Ayers, Barnwell, Bass, Blanchard, Boggs, Brown, Bullard, Bunch, Bryant, Chason, Chavis/Chavers, Conyers, Copeland, Davis, Doyle, Goins, Hall, Harris, Hicks, Hill, Holly, Ireland, Jacobs, Johnson, Jones, Kever, Long, Lovett, Mainer, Martin, Mayo, Moses, Oxendine, Perkins, Porter, Potter, Quinn, Scott, Simmons, Smith, Stafford, Stephens, Sweat, Thomas, Whitfield, and WilliamsBy Chris Sewell - http://floridahybridpeoples.blogspot.com/




![madamethursday:
[Image: A hand drawn illustration from a book of three African doctors assisting a pregnant person in labor, who is laying on a bed. One doctor holds the person’s stomach, the other their feet, and the third a knife to begin a c-section. They are in a square room of some kind.]
angrybrownbaby:
fyeahblackhistory:
AN EXAMPLE OF AFRICAN MEDICAL SCIENCE. ILLUSTRATION OF AFRICAN DOCTORS IN 19TH CENTURY (1879) KAHARA,UGANDA PERFORMING A CAESARIAN SECTION. THIS OPERATION WAS UNKNOWN IN EUROPE AT THE TIME.
Africans were performing many advanced medical procedures long before they had been conceived in Europe this is just one of many examples.
The British traveler R.W. Felkin who reported this noted that the healer used banana wine to semi-intoxicate the woman and to cleanse his hands and her abdomen prior to surgery. He used a midline incision and applied cautery to minimize hemorrhaging. He massaged the uterus to make it contract but did not suture it; the abdominal wound was pinned with iron needles and dressed with a paste prepared from roots. The patient recovered well, and Felkin concluded that this technique was well-developed and had clearly been employed for a long time. Similar reports come from Rwanda, where botanical preparations were also used to anesthetize the patient and promote wound healing.
Referece: “Notes on Labour in Central Africa” published in the Edinburgh Medical Journal, volume 20, April 1884, pages 922-930.
Click here for more.
For folks who think c-sections are an invention made by western medicine.](http://24.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m44w3ighJU1qgfbgio1_500.jpg)